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How can I determine the subnet address, broadcast address, host addresses and subnet mask from the IP address?

Let's say I have the following network address: 179.120.0.0/22

I understand that /22 - for some reason - means a subnet mask of 255.255.252.0. How am I supposed to know this? Pure memorization?

Even when I know /22 = the above subnet mask, how do I then find the subnet address, first host address, last host address, and broadcast address? The practice paper I'm doing asks for this information for the "first six subnets." I can not make sense of what it means by "only the first six."

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